speciation
Speciation
008 - Reproductive Isolation and Speciation Paul Andersen explains how reproductive isolation can eventually lead to speciation. Three main barriers to gene flow are included: geographic, pre-zygotic and post-zygotic. Both allopatric and sympatric speciation are discussed. A brief discussing of polyploidy and punctuated equilibrium are also included.
How Evolution Works 7: Speciation
I discuss what speciation is, and how it works. Examples and peer reviewed references are also given. For information regarding how organisms with Robertsonian translocations can reproduce, see Bruere AN, Ellis PM., Cytogenetics and reproduction of sheep with multiple centric fusions (Robertsonian translocations). J Reprod Fertil 1979 Nov;57(2):363-75. References: [1] Britton-Davidian et al. Rapid chromosomal evolution in island mice. Nature. 2000 Jan 13;403(6766):158. [2] Podos, Jeff. Vocal mechanics in Darwin's finches: correlation of beak gape and song frequency. Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 607-619 (2004). [3] Miller, Hilary C. A molecular phylogeny of New Zealands Petroica (Aves: Petroicidae) species based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution: Volume 40, Issue 3, September 2006, Pages 844-855 [4] Katharine Byrne and Richard A Nichols (1999) "Culex pipiens in London Underground tunnels: differentiation between surface and subterranean populations" [5] Byrne, K. and RA Nichols, 1999. Culex pipiens in London Underground tunnels: differentiation between surface and subterranean populations. Heredity 82: 7-15. [6] Nuttall, Nick, 1998. Stand clear of the Tube's 100-year-old super-bug. Times (London), 26 Aug. 1998, 1. www.gene.ch [7] Feder, JL, CA Chilcote and GL Bush. 1988. Genetic differentiation between sympatric host races of the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella. Nature. 336:61-64. [8] Prokopy, RJ, SR Diehl, and SH Cooley ...
Facts Of Evolution: Speciation And Extinction
www.facebook.com ... Facts Of Evolution (Episode 4): Speciation And Extinction. --- Please SUBSCRIBE to Science & Reason: • www.youtube.com • www.youtube.com • www.youtube.com --- EVOLUTION IS REAL SCIENCE: 1. Does The Evidence Support Evolution? www.youtube.com 2. Vitamin C And Common Ancestry www.youtube.com 3. Are We Descended From Viruses? www.youtube.com 4. Does The Fossil Record Support Evolution? www.youtube.com 5. Where Are The Transitional Forms? www.youtube.com FACTS OF EVOLUTION: 1. Introduction www.youtube.com 2. Universal Common Descent www.youtube.com 3. Good Design, Bad Design www.youtube.com 4. Speciation And Extinction www.youtube.com 5. How Fast Is Evolution? www.youtube.com 6. What Can Embryos Tell Us About Evolution? www.youtube.com 7. The Molecules Of Life www.youtube.com 8. Molecular Evolution: Genes And Proteins www.youtube.com 9. Retroviruses And Pseudogenes www.youtube.com --- SPECIATION is the evolutionary process by which new biological species arise. The biologist Orator F. Cook seems to have been the first to coin the term 'speciation' for the splitting of lineages or 'cladogenesis,' as opposed to 'anagenesis' or 'phyletic evolution' occurring within lineages. Whether genetic drift is a minor or major contributor to speciation is the subject of much ongoing discussion. There are four geographic modes of speciation in nature, based on the extent to which speciating populations are geographically isolated from one another: allopatric, peripatric ...
Speciation and Extinction
007 - Speciation and Extinction Paul Andersen details the evolutionary processes of speciation and extinction. Stickleback evolution in Lake Loberg is used as example of rapid speciation. Adaptive radiation is illustrated using the Hawaiian honeycreeper. A brief discussion of extinctions and mass extinctions is also included.
14. Species and Speciation
Principles of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior (EEB 122) Speciation is the process through which species diverge from each other and/or from a common ancestor. There are several definitions of species, most of which focus on reproductive isolation and/or phylogenetic similarities. This can cause some controversy. Speciation can result from geographical separation or ecological specialization. There are stages of speciation in which organisms cluster first into distinct populations before finally becoming different species. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Introduction 03:38 - Chapter 2. Diversity and How Speciation Happens 17:13 - Chapter 3. Concepts and Criteria of Speciation 26:04 - Chapter 4. The Genetics of Speciation 34:41 - Chapter 5. Mechanics and Examples of Speciation 40:30 - Chapter 6. Experiments, Applications, and Cryptic Species 48:09 - Chapter 7. Summary Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: open.yale.edu This course was recorded in Spring 2009.
Speciation in real time - Evolution in the News
February, 2010 Usually speciation occurs over long periods of time, but this month we look at two examples of evolution occuring in a few decades. Carlos Botero, a post-doctoral fellow at the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, talks about his work on speciation in mockingbirds which occurs over longer time frames. Dr. Botero explains how scientists study historical evolutionary events by comparing traits in modern species with phylogenetic models.
Speciation in Baja California
UCLA EEB graduate student Greer Dolby talks about her research "How does continental movement affect biodiversity and speciation of fishes in Baja California"
Speciation: Of Ligers & Men - CrashCourse Biology #15
Hank explains speciation - the evolutionary process by which new biological species arise - in terms of finches, ligers, mules, and dogs. Like CrashCourse on Facebook: www.facebook.com Follow CrashCourse on Twitter: www.twitter.com References for this episode can be found in the Google document here: dft.ba Table of Contents 1) Species 0:30 2) Hybrids 1:52 3) Reproductive Isolation 2:48 a) Post-Zygotic 3:31 b) Pre-Zygotic 3:51 4) Allopatric Speciation 4:23 5) Sympatric Speciation 6:03 6) Biolography 6:32 7) Dogs 8:37 This video contains the following sounds from Freesound.org: "bird tweet.aif" by tigersound "ForestBirds.wav" by HerbertBoland "morning_in_the_forest_2007_04_15.wav" by reinsamba "AMBIENT LOOP - Perfectly Clear - Wilderness Hillside - FILTERED.mp3" by Arctura "oceanwavescrushing.wav" by Luftrum biology, speciation, science, species, evolution, homo sapiens, organism, liger, napoleon dynamite, fertile, sterile, hybrid, hybridization, reproductive isolation, genetic isolation, pre-zygotic isolation, behavior, geographic, allopatric speciation, natural selection, galapagos, finch, artificial selection, corgi, greyhound, puppy, dog
Speciation and Macroevolution
In our final installment of this three part series, we move on to the question of speciation and macroevolution. A common challenge to evolutionary theory is that while life does indeed change over time (what is known as microevolution), no one has ever seen one species evolve into another species (what is known as macroevolution). For example, no one has seen a dog evolve into something other than a dog. Because speciation has never been observed, and because science is based on observation, evolution cannot be considered scientific. In fact, examples of speciation have been observed by scientists. We must also remember that we are able to observe just a tiny window of the long history of life on Earth, and the fact that any speciation has been noted at all is impressive indeed.
Icons of Evolution :: Cambrian Explosion (Clip 4)
Are students learning the whole truth about Darwin's theory of evolution? According to a growing number of scientists, the surprising answer is no. They claim that many of the most famous "Icons of Evolution"--including Darwin's "Tree of Life," finches from the Galapagos Islands, and embryos that look remarkably similar--are based on outdated research and sloppy logic. They say students are being hurt by the failure to present both sides of an emerging scientific debate over Darwin's theory. Come explore this fascinating new conflict over evolution in the classroom--a conflict based on science, not religion. Learn about the controversy that engulfs one town when a teacher actually tries to tell students that some scientists disagree with Darwin. To purchase this DVD visit: www.coldwatermedia.com (For HQ Version add "&fmt=18" to the end of the url.) .
Biology: Sympatric Speciation
www.mindbites.com for a bundle of videos on Speciation. For an even broader bundle of videos that cover Population Genetics, Evolution and Speciation, check out www.mindbites.com . To search for topic-specific help in our library of 400+ video products for Biology, please refer to our Biology category at: www.mindbites.com . To check out our full Biology video course, with 390+ videos included, refer to: www.mindbites.com . Or, for access to this single video, go to: www.mindbites.com .
Unit 2 Review - Speciation
Paul Andersen reviews the major concepts within the second unit of the new AP Biology framework. He starts by describing how life is organized into three domains. He explains how the history of life on the planet is characterized by mass extinctions followed by adaptive radiation. He explains how geographic, behavioral, temporal and mechanical isolation can create new species. He also explains how microevolution within a population can explain. He ends the podcast by describing abiogenesis and mentioning the major milestones in the evolution of life on the planet.
Evidence for Evolution: 5 - speciation
I explain some evidence for evolution that is often ignored in favour of the obvious ones like the fossil record that have been explained ad nauseam. Hopefully the balance between simplification and in-depth explanation is such that many will find it interesting. View or download this video at superior quality: www.veoh.com UMG has gracefully permitted me to use their copyrighted song for this video.
How Evolution Works 8: Speciation II
I continue discussing speciation. Ill upload a Ronald free version in a bit.
Origins Science Scholars Program "Species, Speciation, and Evolution on Islands"
Title: "Species, Speciation, and Evolution on Islands" Speaker: Darin Croft Date: October 19, 2010 Location: Case Western Reserve University Campus
The Genomic Architecture of Speciation
Examine the island vs. multifarious hypotheses in Rhagoletis pomonella, a model for sympatric ecological speciation. Learn about finding widespread divergence throughout the Rhagoletis genome, with the majority of loci displaying host differences, latitudinal clines, correlations with adult eclosion time, and between-generation responses to selection in an over-wintering experiment. [Show ID: 21354]
Sex, Speciation and Fishy Physics - Evolution in the News
Biology draws on other scientific fields to understand the physical, chemical and environmental forces that constrain and drive evolution. This month, we look at a story about how optical physics influences speciation in fish. Sönke Johnsen, Associate Professor of Biology at Duke, talks about the effects of light and color on fish speciation. March 2009. NESCent and Understanding Evolution collaborate to bring you monthly Evolution in the News stories and podcasts. The stories, along with links to background literature and classroom resources are available on the Understanding Evolution site and the podcasts are available here.
AMV Mini - Rapid Speciation
Published: August 26, 2008 Answers Magazine Mini-video from the Creation Museum For more visit: www.answersingenesis.org © 2010 Answers in Genesis and our web address www.AnswersInGenesis.org. Free use policy: www.answersingenesis.org
Speciation
This is a simple Educational video explaining Speciation. This video is copyright free for educational purposes.
Hotchkiss Acoustic Night - Allopatric Speciation (part 1)
Allopatric Speciation performs Cape Cod Kwassa Kwassa (Vampire Weekend) at Hotchkiss Acoustic Night 2009. from right to left: Tony Fresch - vibraphones Maya Mortman - double bass Dan Udell - ukelele Adam Rashkoff - guitar Christian Sherrill - vocals Sunny Liang - guitar Robbie Lezama - drums
Hotchkiss Acoustic Night - Allopatric Speciation (part 2)
Allopatric Speciation performs Love is All Around (The Troggs/REM) at Hotchkiss Acoustic Night 2009. from right to left: Maya Mortman - double bass Dan Udell - mandolin Adam Rashkoff - guitar Christian Sherrill - lead vocals Tony Fresch - supporting vocals Sunny Liang - guitar Robbie Lezama - drums
AP Biology: Speciation and Patterns of Evolution
Watch more at www.educator.com Other subjects include Chemistry, Physics, Organic Chemistry, Algebra 1/2, Basic Math, Pre-Calculus, Geometry, Pre-Algebra, Calculus, Statistics, and Computer Science. -All lectures are broken down by individual topics -No more wasted time -Just search and jump directly to the answer
Speciation -- how new species evolve
The evolution biologists differ between two modes of speciation: sympatric and allopatric speciation. The allopatric speciation needs a barrier that divides a stem population into two subpopulations. During this separation, changes in those subpopulations due to evolution can cause the development of different characters in both populations. After the barrier disappeared and a secondary contact between the former subpopulations is enabled, the evolved differences may have reached a level of sexual incompatibility between members of those both populations. New species evolved! Some examples of species that evolved in consequence of the glaciers, which covered remarkable parts of Northern Europe during the Weichsel-Würm-Glacial are known. They are typical examples of allopatric speciation. The understanding of the mechanisms of sympatric speciation is much more difficult. Not so many examples are known. Therefore the allopatric speciation mode is probably the one, responsible for the most speciation events. The example of the carrion crow Corvus corone (or Corvus corone corone) and the hooded crow Corvus cornix (or Corvus corone cornix) is given to present an overview about mechanisms of the allopatric speciation due to ice age glaciers and show, how these mechanisms can be reconstructed from our recent view of these species' (or still subspecies') distribution and behaviour. More behavioural studies of both crows to each other and to their bastards are still required ...
Oahu Tree Snails
On the island of Oahu, there lives a group of snails found nowhere else in the world. They belong to the endemic Hawaiian family Achatinellidae. These small snails are isolated on Oahu's mountain ridges and have evolved through allopatric speciation into a multitude of different species. Yet, their fate is in our hands. All the remaining species are threatened with extinction in our lifetime.
Speciation
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Speciation: Problems and Prospects
In 2004, Allen Orr and I summarized the history of work on speciation and what it told us about nature. The ensuing five years has seen a flurry of work on the topic, encompassing molecular biology, natural history, genetic analysis, and even philosophy. This talk updates what I see as the important -- and tractable -- questions about speciation. darwin-chicago.uchicago.edu
Evolutionary Simulation with Speciation and Adaptive Radiation
This is just a video of a random run with one of my past simulators using some arbitrary parameters; I mainly I wanted show off some features of the interactive GUI. Again, I really should be more careful with my word choice and phrasing when I speak in these videos, but they are informal. This simulation was designed to gain insight into general and specific patterns of adaptive radiation, or the rapid burst of speciation that can occur under the right conditions. I think the run above was for 25000 generations. The correct (often custom) data visualization can make pulling the important insights out of the noise a much easier task...
Ray Comfort's lesson in Speciation 101
For so long Ray Comfort has been bashing evolution without knowing anything about it. Finally, Thunderf00t brilliantly remedies his problem by giving him a simple lesson in speciation. In the end, even Ray can't deny the concept...but he continues to deny the naughty words "Darwinian evolution" lol.
Hotchkiss Acoustic Night - Allopatric Speciation (part 3)
Allopatric Speciation peforms Deliverance (Bubba Sparxxx) at Hotchkiss Acoustic Night 2009. from right to left: Maya Mortman - double bass Dan Udell - lead guitar Adam Rashkoff - rhythm guitar Christian Sherrill - vocals Tony Fresch - vocals Sunny Liang - rhythm guitar Robbie Lezama - drums
The Speciation Showdown
During April 2010 the graduate students at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver organized a roundtable with notable researchers studying speciation - the "Speciation Showdown" we called it. The panel included (from the left) Dolph Schluter, Loren Reiseberg, Michael Doebeli, Jerry Coyne and Darren Irwin. Questions were submitted by the graduate students in the department and read by David Toews and Laura Southcott.
Fail 101: Doesitaddup101: Of speciation and intellectual honesty.
I would complain about the stupid in this video, but you have to watch it yourself... Original video: www.youtube.com Drostophila Paulistorum papers: Original paper from Dobzhansky: THEODOSIUS DOBZHANSKY & OLGA PAVLOVSKY: Experimentally Created Incipient Species of Drosophila (1971) www.nature.com (not free. The paper is $32, even with Nature subscription) DL WILLIAMSON, LEE EHRMAN, AND RP KERNAGHAN: Induction of Sterility in Drosophila paulistorum: Effect of Cytoplasmic Factor (1971) www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Characteristics of the Drosophila paulistorum Male Sterility Agent in a Secondary Host, Ephestia kuehniella (1981) FJ GOTTLIEB,I GM SIMMONS, L. EHRMAN,2 B. INOCENCIO, J. KOCKA, AND N. SOMERSON www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Onothera: Mendel's Search for True-Breeding Hybrids William D. Stansfield, Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis digitalcommons.calpoly.edu Talk Origins: Observed Instances of Speciation www.talkorigins.org Some More Observed Speciation Events www.talkorigins.org Wikipedia's page on types of speciation: en.wikipedia.org and more specifically the Allopatric speciation: en.wikipedia.org More fun stuff: f1000scientist.com
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